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•	Gross revenue yields (revenue per available lower berth day or “ALBD”) increased 0.1 percent. In constant currency, net revenue yields increased 3.8 percent for 1Q 2017, better than December guidance of up 1.5 to 2.5 percent.

•	Gross cruise costs including fuel per ALBD increased 2.9 percent. In constant currency, net cruise costs excluding fuel per ALBD increased 3.2 percent, compared to December guidance of up 1.5 to 2.5 percent, due to the timing of certain expenses.

•	Changes in fuel prices (including realized fuel derivatives) and currency exchange rates decreased earnings by $0.13 per share.

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•	Incidents, such as ship incidents, security incidents, the spread of contagious diseases and threats thereof, adverse weather conditions or other natural disasters and the related adverse publicity affecting our reputation and the health, safety, security and satisfaction of guests and crew

•	Economic conditions and adverse world events affecting the safety and security of travel, such as civil unrest, armed conflicts and terrorist attacks

•	Changes in and compliance with laws and regulations relating to environment, health, safety, security, tax and anti-corruption under which we operate

•	Disruptions and other damages to our information technology and other networks and operations, and breaches in data security

•	Ability to recruit, develop and retain qualified personnel

•	Increases in fuel prices

•	Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates

•	Misallocation of capital among our ship, joint venture and other strategic investments

•	Future operating cash flow may not be sufficient to fund future obligations and we may be unable to obtain financing

•	Overcapacity in the cruise ship and land-based vacation industry

•	Deterioration of our cruise brands' strengths and our inability to implement our strategies

•	Continuing financial viability of our travel agent distribution system, air service providers and other key vendors in our supply chain and reductions in the availability of, and increases in the prices for, the services and products provided by these vendors

•	Inability to implement our shipbuilding programs and ship repairs, maintenance and refurbishments on terms that are favorable or consistent with our expectations and increases to our repairs and maintenance expenses and refurbishment costs as our fleet ages

•	Failure to keep pace with developments in technology

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•	Geographic regions in which we try to expand our business may be slow to develop and ultimately not develop how we expect and our international operations are subject to additional risks not generally applicable to our U.S. operations

•	Competition from the cruise ship and land-based vacation industry

•	Economic, market and political factors that are beyond our control

•	Litigation, enforcement actions, fines or penalties

•	Lack of continuing availability of attractive, convenient and safe port destinations on terms that are favorable or consistent with our expectations

•	Union disputes and other employee relationship issues

•	Decisions to self-insure against various risks or the inability to obtain insurance for certain risks at reasonable rates

•	Reliance on third-party providers of various services integral to the operations of our business

•	Business activities that involve our co-investment with third parties

•	Disruptions in the global financial markets or other events that may negatively affect the ability of our counterparties and others to perform their obligations to us

•	Our shareholders may be subject to the uncertainties of a foreign legal system since Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc are not U.S. corporations

•	Small group of shareholders may be able to effectively control the outcome of shareholder voting

•	Provisions in Carnival Corporation’s and Carnival plc’s constitutional documents may prevent or discourage takeovers and business combinations that our shareholders might consider to be in their best interests

•	The DLC arrangement involves risks not associated with the more common ways of combining the operations of two companies

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(a)	During the three months ended February 28/29, 2017 and 2016, our gains (losses) on fuel derivatives, net include net unrealized gains (losses) of $72 million and $(145) million and realized (losses) of $(45) million and $(91) million, respectively.

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(a)

ALBD is a standard measure of passenger capacity for the period that we use to approximate rate and capacity variances, based on consistently applied formulas that we use to perform analyses to determine the main non-capacity driven factors that cause our cruise revenues and expenses to vary. ALBDs assume that each cabin we offer for sale accommodates two passengers and is computed by multiplying passenger capacity by revenue-producing ship operating days in the period.

(b)	In accordance with cruise industry practice, occupancy is calculated using a denominator of ALBDs, which assumes two passengers per cabin even though some cabins can accommodate three or more passengers. Percentages in excess of 100% indicate that on average more than two passengers occupied some cabins.

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(a)	Non-GAAP Financial Measures

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•	The translation of our EAA segment operations to our U.S. dollar reporting currency results in decreases in reported U.S. dollar revenues and expenses if the U.S. dollar strengthens against these foreign currencies and increases in reported U.S. dollar revenues and expenses if the U.S. dollar weakens against these foreign currencies.

•	Our North American segment operations have a U.S. dollar functional currency but also have revenue and expense transactions in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. If the U.S. dollar strengthens against these other currencies, it reduces the U.S. dollar revenues and expenses. If the U.S. dollar weakens against these other currencies, it increases the U.S. dollar revenues and expenses.

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Our EAA segment operations have euro, sterling and Australian dollar functional currencies but also have revenue and expense transactions in currencies other than their functional currency. If their functional currency strengthens against these other currencies, it reduces the functional currency revenues and expenses. If the functional currency weakens against these other currencies, it increases the functional currency revenues and expenses.

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(b)

Under U.S. GAAP, the realized and unrealized gains and losses on fuel derivatives not qualifying as fuel hedges are recognized currently in earnings. We believe that unrealized gains and losses on fuel derivatives are not an indication of our earnings performance since they relate to future periods and may not ultimately be realized in our future earnings. Therefore, we believe it is more meaningful for the unrealized gains and losses on fuel derivatives to be excluded from our net income and earnings per share and, accordingly, we present adjusted net income and adjusted earnings per share excluding these unrealized gains and losses.

(c)

We believe that gains and losses on ship sales and ship impairments and restructuring and other expenses are not part of our core operating business and are not an indication of our future earnings performance. Therefore, we believe it is more meaningful for gains and losses on ship sales and ship impairments and restructuring and other non-core gains and charges to be excluded from our net income and earnings per share and, accordingly, we present adjusted net income and adjusted earnings per share excluding these items.